tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46010480788727430752024-03-13T06:29:19.382-07:00Theory of SuperunificationLeonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-49822427384221065602018-04-30T01:39:00.001-07:002019-11-18T05:46:35.677-08:00Download free. Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification, 2010.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>viXra: </b><a href="http://vixra.org/author/vladimir_leonov"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration: none;">Vladimir Leonov</span></a><em><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;"></span></em></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><em><span style="font-style: normal;"><a href="http://vixra.org/author/vladimir_leonov"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration: none;">http://vixra.org/author/vladimir_leonov</span></a></span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></em></div>
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<span class="shorttext"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification,
2010.</span></div>
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Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-39511496260915544142013-10-11T11:02:00.005-07:002021-08-02T23:35:58.413-07:00Leonov. Theory of Superunification. Chapter 3. Unification of electromagnetism and gravitation. Antigravitation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: small;">Chapter 3. Unification of electromagnetism and gravitation. Antigravitation. </span><span style="font-size: small;">167-261 pages.</span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chapter
3 of the book:</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;">1. Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of
Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, 745 pages. </span></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;">2. V.S. Leonov. Quantum Energetics: Theory of Superunification. Viva
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/quantum-energetics-vol-1-theory-of-superunification-vs-leonov/oclc/775786879/editions?referer=di&editionsView=true">https://www.worldcat.org/title/quantum-energetics-vol-1-theory-of-superunification-vs-leonov/oclc/775786879/editions?referer=di&editionsView=true</a></span></p>
<span style="font-size: small;">TEXT PDF </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B1gwB1O4JZNwLURIVXJEMzU0RVE/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Chapter 3. Unification of electromagnetism and gravitation</a></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;">Read more:</span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;">TEXT PDF </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B1gwB1O4JZNwd3JpdGlQeURSMjg/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">The universe: Boiling bouillon of quanton</a><span style="color: blue;">s </span></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;">TEXT PDF <a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B1gwB1O4JZNwbjFPM0hmdU5KcW8/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Einstein vs Higgs: or what is a mass?</a></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">The beginning of the 20th century was marked by the development of the theory of relativity. In the framework of the general theory of relativity (GTR), Einstein laid the foundations of gravitation as the properties of distortion of the space-time, assuming that there is a unified field which is the carrier of electromagnetism and gravitation. In 1996, the space-time quantum (quanton) and the superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI) was discovered as the united field which is the carrier of electromagnetic and gravitation interactions. The concentration of the quantons (quantum density of the medium) is the main parameter of the quantised space-time. In electromagnetic interactions the concentration of the quantons does not change and only the orientation and deformation polarisation of the quantons change. Gravitation is manifested in the case of the gradient redistribution of the quantum density of the medium, changing the quanton concentration. Electromagnetism and gravitation have been unified within the framework of the quantum theory of gravitation based on the quantum as the unified carrier of electromagnetism and gravitation.<br />3.1. Introduction <br />3.2. Nature of the electromagnetic wave. The luminiferous medium<br />3.2.1. Return to the luminiferous medium <br />3.2.2. Optical media. Fizeau experiment <br />3.3. Fundamentals of gravitation theory <br />3.3.1. Two-component solution of Poisson equation<br />3.3.2. Deformation vector D <br />3.3.3. Equivalence of energy and mass <br />3.3.4. Gravitational diagram <br />3.3.5. Black hole <br />3.3.6. Additional gravitational potentials<br />3.3.7. Newton gravitational law<br />3.4. Reasons for relativism <br />3.4.1. Relativistic factor <br />3.4.2. The normalised relativistic factor <br />3.4.3. Dynamic balance of gravitational potentials<br />3.4.4. Limiting parameters of relativistic particles<br />3.4.5. Hidden mass. Mass balance <br />3.4.6. Hidden energy. Energy balance <br />3.4.7. Dynamic Poisson equations <br />3.4.8. Dynamic curvature of space-time <br />3.4.9. The speed of light <br />3.5. Nature of gravity and inertia <br />3.5.1. Formation of mass <br />3.5.2. Reasons for gravity and inertia <br />3.5.3. Simple quantum mechanics effects<br />3.6. The principle of relative-absolute dualism. Bifurcation points<br />3.6.1. Energy balance <br />3.6.2. Absolute speed <br />3.6.3. Energy paradox of motion dynamics <br />3.6.4. Resistance to movement in vacuum <br />3.6.5. Dynamics equations <br />3.6.6. Bifurcation points <br />3.6.7. Complex speed <br />3.6.8. Relativistic momentum<br />3.7. Wave mass transfer. Gravitational waves<br />3.8. Time problems. Chronal waves<br />3.9. Antigravitation. Accelerated recession of galaxies<br />3.10. Dimensions of the space-time quantum (quanton)<br />Conclusions for chapter 3 <br />References</span><br />
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Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-90479863039512868582013-02-12T13:23:00.002-08:002013-02-16T05:05:51.936-08:00Theory of Superunification. Einstein vs Higgs: or what is a mass?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b><span lang="EN-US"><b>Einstein vs Higgs: or what is
a mass?</b></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Vladimir Leonov,</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157</span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.quanton.ru/"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.quanton.ru/</span></a>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Abstract.
</span></b><span lang="EN-US">It
is shown that the birth mass of an elementary particle is a result of spherical
deformation of the </span><span lang="EN-US">quantized space-time based on the concept of gravity of the
curved four-dimensional space-time of Einstein. Theorists mistakenly believe
that Einstein's theory of gravity does not fit into the Standard Model (SM). It
is shown that on the contrary the SM does not fit into the Einstein's theory of
gravity. Higgs boson is contradicts the concept of curved space-time as the
basis of gravity. Therefore, Higgs boson is cannot carry the mass of an
elementary particle. Mechanism for the generation of mass of an elementary
particle discussed in detail in the theory of Superunification:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 17.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics.
Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science
Publishing, 2010, 745 pages. </span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">(Квантовая энергетика. Том 1. Теория
Суперобъединения. – </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">CISP</span></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">,
2010, 745 стр.) </span><a href="http://www.cisp-publishing.com/acatalog/info_54.html"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.cisp-publishing.com/acatalog/info_54.html</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">.</span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 17.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">V.S.
Leonov. Quantum Energetics: Theory of Superunification. Viva Books, India,
2011, 732 pages. </span></span><a href="http://www.vivagroupindia.com/frmBookDetail.aspx?BookId=7922"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.vivagroupindia.com/frmBookDetail.aspx?BookId=7922</span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">.</span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: -1.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Contents:</span></span></b></div>
</li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1. Criticism of the Higgs
boson in the Standard Model</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">2. The four-dimensional
particle – the quantum of space-time (quanton)</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">3. The structure of the
quantized of space-time</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">4. Electromagnetic symmetry
and electrical asymmetry</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">5. Quarks</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6. Gravitation and the birth
of a mass</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.1. Electron and positron</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.2. The electron spin</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.3. Asymptotic freedom</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.4. Electron neutrino</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.5. Wave transfer of the mass</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.6. Neutron and proton</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.7. Shell sign-changing model
of the nucleon</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.8. Plus and minus mass</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">6.9. The fundamental principle
of relativity</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">7. Nature of nuclear forces</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">8. Black and white holes</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">9. Dark energy and dark matter</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">9.1. Antigravitation.
Accelerated recession of galaxies</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">9.2. The curvature of the
light beam in an inhomogeneous quantized space-time</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10. New experimental facts</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10.1. Quantum engines and
asteroid defense</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10.2. Cold fusion and the Usherenko
effect</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">11. Conclusions</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">12. Annex to article. Contents
of the book [1]</span></span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-small;">References</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The article is written in Russian, and it will be translated into
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Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-65261065194002802032013-02-12T12:00:00.001-08:002013-02-12T12:00:15.163-08:00Theory of Superunification. Chapter 1. Fundamental discoveries of the quantum of space-time (quanton) and superstrong electromagnetic interaction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter 1. Fundamental
discoveries of the quantum of space-time (quanton) and superstrong
electromagnetic interaction</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="http://leonov-leonovstheories.blogspot.ru/2011/07/chapter-1-fundamental-discoveries-of.html">http://leonov-leonovstheories.blogspot.ru/2011/07/chapter-1-fundamental-discoveries-of.html</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S.
Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge
International Science Publishing, 2010, 1-67 pages.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">Fundamental science has accumulated a
sufficiently large amount of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">knowledge to support the very fact of the discovery of
the space-time</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">quantum (quanton)
and superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI). The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">concept of Superunification was
formulated by physicists. Many physicists</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">do not doubt that electromagnetism,
gravitation, nuclear and electroweak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">forces are the manifestation of the united origin. The
concept of the unified</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">field was
formulated by Einstein and he devoted 30 years to the development</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">of this concept in the path to
unification of gravitation and electromagnetism.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">He succeeded within the framework of the
general theory of relativity (GTR)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">to combine space and time into the single space-time
substance. Already at</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">the end of his
life, Einstein concluded that it is necessary to use discrete</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">approaches to the problem of space-time
and unification of the interactions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">within the framework of quantum theory.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">There are various approaches to solving
these problems in theoretical</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">physics. This also concerns the problem of
unification. We can go along</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">the path of finding some universal formula (or a set
of formulas) describing</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">the fundamental interactions by mathematical methods,
or along the path</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">of finding a
universal unifying particle. The alternate path was less attractive</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">to investigators because physics did not
know such a particle and the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">possibilities of discovering this particle were not
clear. However, this second</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">approach has been selected in the path to unification
of interactions. This</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">also determined the
logics and expected success.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.2. Main
problems on the road to Superunification theory</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.2.1.
Problem of energy levels </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.2.2.
Problem of motion </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.2.3.
Problem of mass </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.2.4.
Problem of relativity</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3. The
universe: Boiling `bouillon' of quantons</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.1.
Introduction </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.2.
`Bouillon' from quantons</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.3. How
to weld elementary particles </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.4.
Return to the light-bearing (luminiferous) medium</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.5.
Gravity. Inertia. Black holes </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.6.
Antigravitation. Minus mass. White holes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.7.
Problem of time. Chronal fields </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.8. Who
lights up stars?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.9. Superstrings
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.10.
Main problems of modern physics </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.3.11.
Problems of inflationary theory </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.4. The
Einstein posthumous phrase </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.5.
Conclusion to chapter 1 </span></div>
<br /></div>
Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-84910371813275440622013-02-12T11:56:00.001-08:002013-02-12T11:56:47.187-08:00Theory of Superunification. Chapter 2. Electromagnetic nature and structure of cosmic vacuum<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-transform: uppercase;"> 2. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Electromagnetic
nature and structure of cosmic vacuum</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="http://leonov-leonovstheories.blogspot.ru/2011/07/chapter-2-electromagnetic-nature-and.html">http://leonov-leonovstheories.blogspot.ru/2011/07/chapter-2-electromagnetic-nature-and.html</a></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S.
Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge
International Science Publishing, 2010, 68-166 pages.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">New fundamental discoveries of the
space-time quantum (quanton) and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI)
determine the electromagnetic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">structure of quantised space-time.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The quanton is a complicated weightless
particle which includes four</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">charges – quarks: two electrical (+1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">e </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">and –1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">e</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">) and two magnetic
(+1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">g </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">– 1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">g</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">) linked by the
relationship </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">g </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">= </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">C</span></i><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">0</span></sub><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">e</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.1.
Introduction </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2/
Electromagnetic quantisation of space-time</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2.1.
Basis of the theory of EQM and Superunification</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2.2.
Unification of electricity and magnetism into electromagnetism. Structure of
the quanton</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2.3. The
charge of the Dirac monopole </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2.4.
Dimensions of the quanton </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2.5.
Symmetry of electricity and magnetism inside a quanton</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2.6. The
structure of the monopole-quark</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2.7.
Electromagnetic quantisation of space</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2.8.
Electrical symmetry of space </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2.9. The
speed of movement of the space clock</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.2.10. Stability
and energy capacity of the quanton</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.
Disruption of electrical and magnetic equilibrium of the quantised space-time</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.1. The
state of electromagnetic equilibrium of quantised space-time</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.2.
Disruption of electrical and magnetic equilibrium in statics</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.3.
Disruption of electromagnetic equilibrium in dynamics. Maxwell equations</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.4.
Displacement of the charges in the quanton and bias currents</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.5.
Displacement of the charges in the quanton in statics</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.6.
Polarisation energy of the quanton </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.7.
Nature of electromagnetic oscillations in vacuum</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.8.
Quantisation of the electromagnetic wave</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.9.
Circulation of electrical and magnetic fluxes in the electromagnetic wave</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.3.10.
Transfer of energy by the quanton in the electromagnetic wave</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.4.
Electromagnetic tensioning of vacuum. Strings and superstrings</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.4.1.
Elastic quantised medium (EQM)</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.4.2.
Tensioning of the electromagnetic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>superstring</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.5.3.
Tension tensor in vacuum </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.5. Conclusions
for chapter 2 </span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">2.5. Conclusions for chapter 2</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">New fundamental discoveries of the
space-time quantum (quanton) and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI)
determine the electromagnetic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">structure of quantised space-time.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The quanton is a complicated weightless
particle which includes four</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">charges – quarks: two electrical (+1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">e </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">and –1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">e</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">) and two magnetic
(+1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">g </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">– 1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">g</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">) linked by the
relationship </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">g </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">= </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">Ce</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The quanton is the carrier of
electromagnetism, space and time, and a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">carrier of strong electromagnetic
interaction. The process of electromagnetic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">quantisation of space is associated with
filling of its volume with quantons.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The quanton diameter determines the discreteness of
the quantised space-time of the order of 10<sup>–</sup></span><sup><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">25</span></sup><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">When analysing the electromagnetic
perturbation of the quantised space-time, the nature of electromagnetic
phenomena, the laws of electromagnetic induction, Maxwell equations and
Pointing vector have been described for the first time.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The electromagnetism of quantised
space-time is fully symmetric and determines the transfer of electromagnetic
energy in accordance with the Maxwell equations. The nature of rotors in the
electromagnetic wave has been determined.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">It has also been shown that as we move
deeper, initially into the region of the microworld of elementary particles and
the atomic nucleus ~10<sup>–15</sup> m and subsequently into the region of the
ultra-microworld ~10<sup>–25</sup></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">m of the quantised space-time, we encounter higher and
higher energy concentrations. The energy capacity of the quanton is colossal
and estimated at 10<sup>73</sup> J/m3. This is sufficient to generate a
universe as a result of a big bang in activation of <st1:metricconverter productid="1 m" w:st="on">1 m</st1:metricconverter><sup>3</sup> of vacuum.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">It has also been found that the
electromagnetic perturbation of the vacuum is described by a simple equation: </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">x </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">= –</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">y </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">which can be expanded into the main equations of the
electromagnetic field in vacuum. The displacement from the equilibrium
deposition of the electrical </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">x </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">and magnetic </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">y </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">charges – quarks inside the quanton disrupts the
electrical and magnetic equilibrium of the quantised space-time. Real bias
currents were found in the electromagnetic wave.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">Inside the quantised space-time we can
find an electromagnetic string or a superstring of quantons which determines
the colossal tension of the quantised space-time. Taking into account the fact
that the quanton is a volume elastic element similar to some extent to an
electronic clock specifying the rate of electromagnetic processes and time, the
quantum not only combines electricity and magnetism but, being a space-time
quantum, it combines the space and time into a single substance: quantised
space-time.</span></div>
<br /></div>
Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-14124137967285699652013-02-12T11:45:00.001-08:002013-02-12T11:45:00.039-08:00Theory of Superunification. Chapter 3. Unification of electromagnetism and gravitation. Antigravitation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"> 3. </span>Unification of electromagnetism and gravitation.
Antigravitation</span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S.
Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge
International Science Publishing, 2010, 167-261 pages.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The beginning of the 20th century was
marked by the development of the theory of relativity. In the framework of the
general theory of relativity (GTR), Einstein laid the foundations of
gravitation as the properties of distortion of the space-time, assuming that
there is a unified field which is the carrier of electromagnetism and
gravitation. In 1996, the space-time quantum (quanton) and the superstrong
electromagnetic interaction (SEI) was discovered as the united field which is
the carrier of electromagnetic and gravitation interactions. The concentration
of the quantons (quantum density of the medium) is the main parameter of the
quantised space-time. In electromagnetic interactions the concentration of the
quantons does not change and only the orientation and deformation polarisation
of the quantons change. Gravitation is manifested in the case of the gradient
redistribution of the quantum density of the medium, changing the quanton
concentration. Electromagnetism and gravitation have been unified within the
framework of the quantum theory of gravitation based on the quantum as the
unified carrier of electromagnetism and gravitation.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.1.
Introduction </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.2. Nature
of the electromagnetic wave. The luminiferous medium</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.2.1.
Return to the luminiferous medium </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.2.2.
Optical media. Fizeau experiment </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.3.
Fundamentals of gravitation theory </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.3.1.
Two-component solution of Poisson<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>equation</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.3.2.
Deformation vector D </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.3.3.
Equivalence of energy and mass </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.3.4.
Gravitational diagram </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.3.5.
Black hole </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.3.6.
Additional gravitational potentials</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.3.7. Newton
gravitational law </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.4.
Reasons for relativism </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.4.1.
Relativistic factor </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.4.2. The
normalised relativistic factor </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.4.3.
Dynamic balance of gravitational potentials</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.4.4.
Limiting parameters of relativistic particles</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.4.5.
Hidden mass. Mass balance </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.4.6.
Hidden energy. Energy balance </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.4.7.
Dynamic Poisson equations </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.4.8.
Dynamic curvature of space-time </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.4.9. The
speed of light </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.5. Nature
of gravity and inertia </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.5.1.
Formation of mass </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.5.2.
Reasons for gravity and inertia </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.5.3.
Simple quantum mechanics effects </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.6. The
principle of relative-absolute dualism. Bifurcation points</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.6.1.
Energy balance </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.6.2.
Absolute speed </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.6.3.
Energy paradox of motion dynamics </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.6.4.
Resistance to movement in vacuum </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.6.5.
Dynamics equations </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.6.6.
Bifurcation points </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.6.7.
Complex speed </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.6.8.
Relativistic momentum </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.7. Wave
mass transfer. Gravitational waves</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.8. Time
problems. Chronal waves</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.9.
Antigravitation. Accelerated recession of galaxies</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.10.
Dimensions of the space-time quantum (quanton)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Conclusions
for chapter 3 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">Conclusions for chapter 3</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The unification of electromagnetism and
gravitation was regarded as a fact. It has been established that gravitation is
of the electromagnetic nature whose carrier is the superstrong electromagnetic
interaction (SEI).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">Gravitation appears in the quantised
space-time as a result of its spherical deformation in the formation of the
mass of elementary particles.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">Correct two-component solutions of the
Poisson gravitational equation in the form of a system have been determined for
the first time. The functions of distribution of the quantum density of the
medium and gravitational potentials inside the particle (solid) in the external
region of the spherically deformed quantised space-time have been determined.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">It is shown that these spherical
functions remain invariant in the entire range of speeds, including the speed
of light, and formulate principle of spherical invariance and relative-absolute
dualism.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The principal relativity is the
fundamental property of the quantised space-time. Gravity is caused by the
gradient of the quantum density of the medium and by its deformation vector
with the gravity and inertia acting in the direction of this vector.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The force of inertia is also caused by
the gradient of the quantum density of the medium and works in the direction of
the deformation vector. The gravitational field is quantised in its principle.
The space-time quantum (quanton), as a carrier of the gravitational field, is
used as a basis for developing the quantum theory of gravitation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The discovery of the quanton has
returned the deterministic base to the quantum theory which was supported by
Einstein. The classic wave equation of the elementary particle determining the
wave transfer of mass in the superhard and the superelastic quantised medium
was analytically derived for the first time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The wave transfer of mass determines the
effect of the principle of corpuscular-wave dualism in which the particle shows
both the properties of the wave and the corpuscle.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">It has been established that the free
gravitational wave with the speed of light and longitudinal oscillations of the
quantised medium, generating the longitudinal the zones of compression and
tension in the quantised medium, can exist in the quantised space-time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The nature of gravitation, which
explains the accelerated recession of the galaxies of our universe, has been
determined.</span></div>
<br /></div>
Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-65584689937673308452013-02-12T11:42:00.001-08:002013-02-12T11:42:46.275-08:00Theory of Superunification. Chapter 4. The quantised structure of the electron and the positron. The neutrino<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-transform: uppercase;"> 4. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
quantised structure of the electron and the positron. The neutrino</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S.
Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge
International Science Publishing, 2010, 262-351 pages.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The quantised structure of the electron
and the positron has been investigated in the development of the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Superunification</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> theory. These particles are open quantum
mechanical systems and are the compound part of the quantised space-time. The
electron (positron) as an elementary particle forms as a result of attraction
of the quantons to the central electrical charge placed in the quantised
medium. As a result of the spherical deformation of the medium, the electrical
charge acquires the mass and transforms into the electron (positron). It has
been established that the main factor which ensures spherical deformation of
the medium by the electron is its spherical magnetic field, an analogue of the
spin. In annihilation of the electron and the positron the spherical magnetic
field is disrupted and the energy of the spherical deformation of the medium,
i.e., the energy of the mass defect, is released and transforms into radiation
gamma quanta. The released massless charges merge into an electrical dipole,
forming the electron neutrino, an information bit indicating that the pair of
the particles electron and positron did exist. It has also been found that the
movement of the electron (positron) in the superelastic and superhard quantised
medium is determined by the wave transfer of mass and tunnelling of the point
electrical charge in the channels between the quantons of the medium.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.1.
Introduction </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.2.
Classic electron radius </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.3.
Gravitational boundary of the electron </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.4.
Electrical radius of the electron </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.5. Hidden
energy and electron mass </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.6. Many
relationships of electron parameters</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.7. Gravitational
diagram and electron zones</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.8. The
gravitational attraction zone </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.9.
Equivalence of gravitational and electromagnetic energies</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.10. Tensioning
of the medium by the electron</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.11.
Gravitational well of the electron </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.12. The
zone of antigravitational repulsion</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.13. The
zone of the minus mass of the electron</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.14.
Annihilation of the electron and the positron</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.15. The
effect of electrical force on the quanton in the electron</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.16.
Effect of the spherical magnetic field of the quanton. Electron spin</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.17.
Electron energy balance </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.18.
Tunnelling of the charge and wave transfer of electron mass</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.19.
Conclusions </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">4 .19. Conclusions</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">1. New fundamental discoveries of the
space-time quantum (quanton) and superstrong electromagnetic interaction enable
us to investigate the quantised structure of the electron and the positron as
an open quantum mechanical system, being the compound part of the quantised
space-time. The electron and the positron as elementary particles are in fact
not so elementary and their composition includes a large number of quantons
which together with the central electrical charge form the particle inside the quantised
medium.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">2. It has been established that the mass
of the electron (positron) forms as a result of attraction of the quantons to
the central electrical charge under the effect of ponderomotive forces of the
nonuniform radial electrical field of the central charge. At the same time, a
spherical magnetic field, a spin analogue, forms around the central charge. In
particular, the spherical magnetic field of the electron (positron) is the main
factor which ensures spherical deformation of the quantised medium leading to
the formation of the mass of the particle. In contrast to the nuclons, the
electron (positron) does not have any distinctive gravitational boundary in the
quantised medium. The conventional gravitational boundary of the electron
(positron) is represented by its classic radius, producing a ‘jump’ in the
quantum density of the medium.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">3. The gravitational diagram of the
electron (positron) has been analysed. Several characteristic energy zones were
found in the electron (positron):</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">• the zone of gravitational attraction
(gravitational well);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">• the zone of gravitational repulsion
(gravitational hillock);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">• the zone of hidden mass and energy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The effect of the zone of gravitational
repulsion is evident at the distances smaller than the classic electron radius
(of the order of 10<sup>–15</sup> m. This explains the capacity of the electron
to move away from the proton nucleus of the atom, with the exception of the
electron capture regime. This also explains the change of the nuclear
attraction forces to the repulsion forces when the alternating shells of the
nucleons come together to distances smaller than the effect of the nuclear
forces 10<sup>–15</sup> m.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">4. The balance of the energy and
electron mass (positron) in the entire range of speeds in the quantised medium,
including the speed of light, have been determined. The electron energy is
manifested as a difference between its limiting and hidden energies. The
electron mass is a difference between its limiting and hidden masses. With the
increase of the electron speed, the hidden energy and mass of the electron
change to the observed forms.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">5. The tensioning of the quantised
medium around the electron has been investigated. The maximum tension force
reaches the value 29 N on the surface of the gravitational boundary of the electron,
and the tension is estimated at 0.29·10<sup>30</sup> N/m<sup>2</sup> for the
electron in the rest state and increases with the increase of the speed in
proportion to the normalised relativistic factor. As a result of the colossal
tension of the medium, the electron retains its spherical shape. At the same
time, the spherical gravitational field is retained in the entire speed range,
including the speed of light, with the principle of spherical invariance valid
in this case.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<st1:metricconverter productid="6. In" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">6. In</span></st1:metricconverter><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> addition to the well-known dynamics equation
in the electron, it has been shown that the physical nature of the phenomenon
is explained most accurately by the dynamics equation with the variation of the
mass and energy of the electron along the acceleration path. Continuous acceleration
of the electron is accompanied by the redistribution of the quantum density of
the medium inside its gravitational boundary, generating the force of
resistance to movement. This is a non-inertial movement regime. In transition
to the regime of movement by inertia (inertial regime), the electron releases
the internal stress determined by the redistribution of the quantum density of
the medium during acceleration. Repeated acceleration of the electron is
accompanied by bifurcation of the energy in which the electron appears to count
its motion anew, determining the fundamentality of the relativity principle as
a unique property of the quantised space-time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">7. It has been established that the
movement of the electron (positron) in the superelastic and superhard quantised
medium is determined by the wave transfer of mass and by tunnelling of the
point charge in the channels between the quantons of the medium. Annihilation
of the electron and the positron is accompanied by the disruption of the
spherical magnetic field and the released energy of spherical deformation of
the medium, as a mass defect, transforms to radiation gamma quanta. The
released mass free charges merge into an electrical dipole, forming an
electronic neutrino, which is an information bit relating to the existence of a
pair of particles: electron and positron. The laws of conservation in
annihilation of the electron and the positron are valid only in this case.</span></div>
<br /></div>
Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-14309447356412467152013-02-12T11:41:00.000-08:002013-02-12T11:41:08.271-08:00Theory of Superunification. Chapter 5. Quantised structure of nucleons. The nature of nuclear forces<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-transform: uppercase;"> 5.</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Quantised structure
of nucleons. The nature of nuclear forces</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S.
Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge
International Science Publishing, 2010, 745 pages.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">In
1966, the structure of nucleons with the sign-changing shell with integer
charges – quarks was proposed in the theory of the elastic quantised medium
(EQM). This concept proved to be fruitful for the Superunification theory and
enabled the nature of nuclear forces to be investigated as contact forces
acting between the sign-changing shells of the nucleons. These forces act over
short distances and their magnitude and nature correspond to the nuclear
forces, but they are characterised by electrical attraction of shells and their
antigravitational repulsion</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.1.
Introduction </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.2.
Problem of the nucleon mass </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.3. Shell
sign-changing model of the nucleon</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.4. Shell
models of the proton </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.5. Shell
models of the neutron </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.6.
Structure of nucleon shells </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.7.
Prospects for splitting the nucleon into elementary components</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.8.
Electrical natue of nuclear forces </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.9.
Analytical calculation of nuclear forces</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.10.
Electrical energy of nuclear forces </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.11.
Electrical potential of nuclear forces</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.12.
Calculation of neutron interaction </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.13.
Proton-proton interaction </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.14.
Nuclear forces in quantum mechanics </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.15. The
zones of antigravitational repulsion in the nucleon shells</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.16. Conclusions
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">5.16. Conclusions</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The nature of the nuclear forces is one
of the most important problems of theoretical physics. It has been assumed that
the nuclear forces are the maximum possible forces in nature, characterising
the strong fundamental interaction, as one of the four forces known in nature.
Attempts to unify the strong interaction with other: electromagnetism and
gravitation, have not been successful. It has been shown that this is caused by
the fact that on the whole the strong interaction is not a carrier of the
maximum possible force and cannot be therefore used as a unifying factor. In
order to unify the nuclear forces with gravitation and electromagnetism, and
also electroweak interactions, we must have an even greater force, previously
not known in science. This is the golden rule of physics that the force can be
conquered only by a greater force.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The presence of such a Superforce, as
the fifth force, became known after discovery of the quantum of space-time
(quanton) and superstrong electromagnetic interaction. In particular, SEI (and
not the strong interaction) is the carrier of the Superforce. For comparison:
the attraction force of the nucleons, characterising the nuclear forces, is
estimated at approximately 0.63 kN (Table 5.1), and the force of interaction
between the quantons is of the order of 10<sup>23</sup></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">N. The diameter of the nucleon is ~10<sup>–15</sup></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">m, the diameter of
the quanton ~10<sup>–25</sup></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">m. Even if we not relate the forces to their
crosssection, these forces are simply incommensurable. As we penetrate deeper
into matter, we face higher and higher concentrations of forces and energy. It
becomes clear that the only source of energy in the universe is the superstrong
electromagnetic interaction. This is electromagnetic energy. All the known
types of energy (chemical, nuclear, electromagnetic, gravitation, etc) are
regarded in the final analysis as the manifestation of the superstrong
interaction and are represent only method of extracting the energy of this
interaction. We live in the electromagnetic universe.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The nuclear forces, acting between the
nucleons and the atomic nucleus, must be examined from the unified positions of
unification of the fundamental interactions through the superstrong
electromagnetic interaction. Here, it must be understood that the mass of the
nucleons forms as a result of the spherical deformation of the quantised
space-time which is a carrier of the superstrong electromagnetic interaction.
It has been established that the only possible method of spherically deforming
the elastic quantised medium, ensuring that all the possible properties of the
nucleons are utilised, is the presence in the nucleon of the shell assembled
from electrical massless charges with sign-changing signs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">This shell is sign-changing and has the
property of contracting on the sphere with the effect of forces of electrical
attraction between the charges of the nucleon shell. The spherical compression
of the sign-changing shell takes place together with the medium inside the
shell. However, on the external side of the shell, the elastic quantised medium
is subjected to tension. In this case, the quantum density of the medium
(quanton concentration) inside the shell increases and outside the shell it
decreases. Consequently, the nucleon assumes a mass as the parameter of
‘distortion’ of the quantised space-time under the effect of spherical
deformation. The resistance of the shell to collapse is limited by the pressure
of the medium inside the shell which is balanced by the tension of the elastic
quantised medium from the external side. In addition, the factor of stability
of the nucleons in relation to the collapse of the shell includes the zones of
anti-gravitational repulsion between the nuclei of the sign-changing shell
whose effect starts to be evident at distances shorter than the classic
electron radius of the electron.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">Another fundamental property of the
sign-changing shells of the nucleons is their capacity to be attracted by the
charges with opposite polarity, regardless of the presence or absence of a
non-compensated electrical charge. In the proton, the shell contains a
non-compensated electrical charge with positive polarity and an odd number of
charges – 69 charges. In the neutron, the number of charges in the
sign-changing shell is even (72 charges) and these charges are compensated in
pairs, so that the neutron is regarded as an electrically neutral particle.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The electrical neutrality of the neutron
is evident at distances greater than 10<sup>–15</sup> m. At shorter distances,
not only in the neutron but also in the proton, the electrical field of the
sign-changing shell of the nucleons is characterised by specific features of
action at short distances of 10<sup>–16</sup>... 10<sup>–15</sup> m, comparable
with the spacing of the distribution of the charges in the shell. These are
short-range fields and forces which enable the forces of electrostatic
attraction of the shells to overcome the forces of electrostatic repulsion of
the non-compensated charge of the protons in the atomic nucleus. The open zones
of anti-gravitational repulsion in the complicated relief of the fields of the
nucleon shells prevent the nucleons from coming together closer than 10<sup>–16</sup>
m, thus avoiding the collapse of the nucleons and ensuring stability of the
nuclei.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In
particular, the sign-changing structure of the nucleon shells, including the
zones of electrostatic attraction and anti-gravitational repulsion, has made it
possible to formulate a concept of the electrical nature of nuclear forces
within the framework of the Superunification theory.</span></div>
<br /></div>
Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-6627367036342074932013-02-12T11:37:00.000-08:002013-02-12T11:37:23.807-08:00Theory of Superunification. Chapter 6. Two-rotor structure of the photon. Photon gyroscopic effect<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"> 6. </span>Two-rotor structure of the photon. Photon gyroscopic
effect</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S.
Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge
International Science Publishing, 2010, 421-511 pages.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">After introducing in 1905 the radiation
quantum referred to subsequently as the photon, Einstein is justifiably is
regarded as one of the founders of quantum theory. However, Einstein could not
accept the statistical nature of the wave function which is the basis of the
calculation apparatus of modern quantum (wave) mechanics and in his final
months assumed that the quantum theory should be deterministic. Only after
discovery in 1996 of the space-time quantum (quanton) was it possible to
develop a deterministic quantum theory. The classic analysis of the structure
of the main elementary particle could be carried out, including the photon, and
bypassing the wave function. It was found that the photon is a two-rotor relativistic
particle and that its electrical and magnetic rotors exist simultaneously and
are situated in the orthogonal polarisation planes. The intersection of the
polarisation planes forms the main axis of the photon around which the
polarisation waves can rotate. The main axis of the photon is directed in the
direction of the speed vector of the movement of the photon in the quantised
medium. In this form, the photon represents a wave– particle, some concentrated
bunch of the electromagnetic energy of the quantised space-time, flying with
the wave speed of light. The electromagnetic field of the photon satisfies the
two-rotor Maxwell equation. Calculation parameters of the photon were
determined for the first time: the strength of the electrical and magnetic
fields in the rotors of the photon, the densities of the electrical and
magnetic displacement currents, the currents themselves, and many other
parameters which could not previously be calculated. It was found that
deceleration of light in an optical medium is caused by the wave trajectory of
the photon as a result of the probable capture by the photon of atomic centres
of the lattice of the optical medium with the speed vector of the photon in the
quantised medium not coinciding with the speed vector in the optical medium.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.1.
Introduction </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.2.
Electromagnetic nature of the photon<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and
rotor models</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.3.
Electromagnetic trace of the photon in the quantised medium</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.4. The
wave equation of the photon </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.5. Total
two-rotor structure of the photon</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.6.
Reasons for the deceleration of light in the optical medium</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.7.
Probable capture of atomic centres of the lattice of the optical medium by a photon</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.8. Vector
diagram of the complex speed of the photon in the optical medium</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.9. Wave
trajectory of the photon in the optical medium</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.10.
Forces acting on the photon in the optical medium</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.11.
Refractive index of the optical medium</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Conclusions
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">Conclusions</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">1. The new fundamental discoveries of
the space-time quantum (quanton) and of the superstrong electromagnetic
interaction (SEI) open a new era in the quantum theory, establishing the
deterministic nature of the quantum mechanics and electrodynamics. Most
importantly, the new fundamental discoveries explain the reasons for quantum
phenomena hidden in the quantum nature of space-time. It may be confirmed that
there are no nonquantised objects in the nature. The quantised objects include
the radiation quantum (photon). Previously, it was assumed that energy
quantisation takes place by means of radiation quantum. Now we have established
the quantisation of the very radiation quantum by the quantons (space-time quanta)
where the radiation quantum (photon) represents a secondary wave formation in
the quantised space-time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">2. The new fundamental discoveries have
made it possible to apply the classic concept in the quantum theory and, at the
same time, describe for the first time the nature and structure of the photon
whose parameters can be calculated, bypassing the static wave function. It has
been established that the photon is a two-rotor relativistic particle whose
electrical and magnetic rotors exist simultaneously and are located in the
orthogonal polarisation planes. The intersection of the polarisation planes
forms the main axis of the photon around which polarisation planes can rotate.
The main axis of the photon is directed along the vector of the speed of
movement of the photon in the quantised medium. In this form, the photon is a
wave-particle, some concentrated bunch of electromagnetic energy of the quantised
space-time, travelling at the speed of light.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">3. The variable electromagnetic field of
the photon satisfies the two-rotor Maxwell equation and the classic wave
equation. The calculation parameters of the photon were determined for the
first time: the strength of the electrical and magnetic fields in the photon
rotors, the density of the electrical and magnetic bias currents, the currents
themselves, and many other parameters which could not previously be calculated.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">4. It has been established that the
deceleration of light in the optical medium is determined by the wave
trajectory of the photon as a result of the probability capture by the photon
of the atomic centres of the lattice of the optical medium when the vector of
the photon speed in the quantised medium does not coincide with the vector of
speed in the optical medium. In fact, two waves propagate in the optical medium
and these waves are permanently connected together: a) the electromagnetic wave
which travels with the speed of light </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">C</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">0</span> in the quantised
medium and is transferred by the light-bearing medium; b) the geometrical wave
which propagates in the optical medium with phase speed </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">C</span></b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic";">p</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">0</span> lower than the
speed of light </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">C</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">0</span>, which is synchronized with the
electromagnetic wave and determines the wave trajectory of the photon in the
optical medium.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">5. It has been shown that the wave
trajectory of the photon in the optical medium can be represented by the first
harmonics of the triangular periodic function. The condition of movement of the
photon along the wave trajectory is the constancy of the speed of light in the
quantised medium. In this case, the imaginary motion along a straight line in
the optical medium in the same period of time as in the case of the wave
trajectory is regarded as the deceleration of light in the optical medium. The
calculations show that the refractive index of the light by the optical medium
can be regarded as the averaged parameter of the medium in movement of the
photon along the wavy trajectory.</span></div>
<br /></div>
Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-57607597981444349512013-02-12T11:32:00.001-08:002013-02-12T11:32:44.006-08:00Theory of Superunification. Chapter 7. Nature of non-radiation and radiation of the orbital electron<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-transform: uppercase;"> 7. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nature
of non-radiation and radiation of the orbital electron</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S.
Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge
International Science Publishing, 2010, 512-581 pages.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">In this book, the reasons for the non-radiation
radiation of the orbital electron in the composition of the atom are examined
for the first time using the classic approach. It is established that the atom
is an energy-balanced system capable of stabilising the mass of the orbital
electron in the entire speed range, including relativistic speed. The radiation
of the orbital electron takes place in the range of relativistic speeds as a
result of the mass defect of the electron in the atom nucleus and is associated
with the effect on the electron of threshold (critical) accelerations,
determining the discrete nature of radiation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7.1.
Introduction </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7.2.
Concept of the discrete quantised electron</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7.3.
Special features of the structure of the proton, neutron and the atomic nucleus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7.4.
Reasons for the non-radiation of the orbital electron</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7.5.
Reasons for proton radiation of the orbital electron</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7.6. The
role of superstrong interaction in photon radiation</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7.7.
Gravitational radiation of the atom </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7.8.
Probability electronic cloud </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7.9.
Conclusions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References </span></div>
<br /></div>
Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-69061453908613203452013-02-12T11:28:00.001-08:002013-02-12T11:28:59.207-08:00Theory of Superunification. Chapter 8. Thermal photons. Molecule recoil in photon emission<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-transform: uppercase;"> 8. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Thermal
photons. Molecule recoil in photon emission</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S.
Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge
International Science Publishing, 2010, 583-602 pages.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">In the development of quantum
thermodynamics in the Superunification theory it was necessary to deal with the
paradox contradicting classic approaches. It has been established that atom
recoil in photon emission is inversely proportional to photon energy. The
strongest recoil is characteristic of thermal low-energy photons. This result
is explained by the special feature of the two-rotor structure of the photon –
the compound and inseparable part of the quantised space-time. The electrical
rotor of the photon induces an electrical field in the quantised space-time
which, acting on the charge of the atom nucleus, produces a momentum, ensuring
a recoil of the atom (molecule) and their oscillations. The atom (molecule) is
repulsed from the electrically polarised quantised space-time and not from the
photon. Only in this case can calculations produce the results corresponding to
the actual processes and eliminate the existing energy paradox.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">8.1. Energy
paradox in atom recoil </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">8.2.
Classic approach to calculating the atom recoil</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">8.3. Method
of calculating atom (molecule) recoil in photon emission</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">8.4. Energy
balance of the atom in photon emission</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">8.5. Nature
of thermal oscillations </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">8.6. High
temperature superconductivity </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">8.7.
Leonov's task </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-23064869540706599452013-02-12T11:24:00.002-08:002013-02-12T11:24:50.960-08:00Theory of Superunification. Chapter 9. Gravitational waves. Wave equations<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-transform: uppercase;"> 9. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gravitational
waves. Wave equations</span></b></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S.
Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge
International Science Publishing, 2010, 603-650 pages.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The Superunification theory has unified
electromagnetism and gravitation through the superstrong electromagnetic
interaction. The nature of gravitation and electromagnetism has been
determined. If electromagnetism the result of electromagnetic polarisation of
the quantised space-time, gravitation is caused by its deformation
(distortion). Deformation changes the quantum density of the medium (the
concentration of quantons in the volume), whereas in electromagnetic
polarisation the quantum density of the medium remains unchanged. This is the
large difference between gravitation and electromagnetism. Electromagnetic
waves are transverse polarisation oscillations of the quantised medium. From
the source of gravitational perturbation, gravity is transferred through the
longitudinal deformation of the quantised space-time. Therefore, long-term
search for gravitational waves, regarded as transverse waves, was a procedural
error. It has been shown that gravitational waves are the longitudinal
oscillations of the deformation of the quantised space-time. In August 2006, I
generated and sent into the cosmic space a longitudinal gravitational wave with
the power of the order of 100 W.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.1.
Introduction </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.2. State
of the space-time theory </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.3. Main
static equations of the deformed quantised space-time</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.4. The
balance of gravitational potentials in quantised space-time</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.5.
Limiting mass and energy of relativistic particles</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.6.
Fundamentals of the physics of black holes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.7.
Deformation vector of quantised space-time</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.8.
Derivation of the equation for the speed of light</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.9.
Distribution of time in space in the form of a chronal field</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.10.
Antimatter and ideal gravitational oscillator</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.11.
Electromagnetic quantisation of space-time</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.12.
Derivation of the Maxwell equations and electromagnetic waves</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.13.
Equivalence of electromagnetic and gravitational energies</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.14.
Electron structure </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.15.
Gravitational waves in quantised space-time</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.16.
Report by V. Leonov on the generation of a gravitational wave</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.17.
Conclusions </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">9.17. Conclusions for chapter 9</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The nature of gravitational waves can be
determined by the theory of the elastic quantised medium (EQM) (or
Superunification theory) which at present is the most powerful analytical
apparatus for investigating the matter and most complicated physical phenomena.
The EQM theory is the theory of the unified field whose principles were
predicted by Einstein within the framework of the general theory of relativity
(GTR). It has been established that the quantised space-time is governed by the
principle of spherical invariance and the relativity principle is the fundamental
property of the quantised space-time. The theory represents a further
development of the quantum theory and quantum considerations regarding the
nature of matter from the viewpoint of electromagnetism. The discovery of the electromagnetic
structure of the quantised space-time has enabled us for the first time to
determine the superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI), i.e., the fifth
force, combining gravitation, electromagnetism, nuclear and weak forces.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">On the basis of the analysis of the wave
oscillations in the elastic quantised medium (quantised space-time) it can be
assumed that Veinik recorded for the first time in experiments the longitudinal
gravitational waves in the form of moving zones of compression and of the
decrease of the quantum density of the vacuum medium emitted at the moment of a
change in the deformation-stress state of matter. The Veinik results were
reproduced by other investigators. However, the Veinik experiments are
characterised by low stability and a low recorded strength of the signal
comparable with the level of noise and interference. It is important to develop
completely new methods of generating and receiving gravitational waves.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The scientific fundamentals of these
developments are provided by the EQM theory which describes for the first time
the structure of the quantised space-time regarding it as an elastic quantised
medium, being a carrier of wave perturbations in the quantised space-time.
Analysis of the wave perturbation of the quantised space-time shows that there
are three types of wave oscillations in it: transverse, longitudinal and
torsional. All three types of the wave oscillations of the quantised space-time
have been observed in experiments.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">Transverse oscillations. </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">This type of oscillations in the
quantised space-time is manifested in the form of an electromagnetic wave
generated by the transverse electrical and magnetic polarisation of the
quantised space-time (electrical and magnetic bias currents).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">Longitudinal oscillations. </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">These oscillations are manifested in the
form of a gravitational wave as longitudinal displacement of the zones of compression
and of the decrease of the quantum density of the medium in the quantised
space-time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Bold","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Bold";">Torsional oscillations. </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">This complicated, insufficiently
examined type of oscillations in the quantised space-time is associated with
the formation of torsional oscillations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">Thus, it has been shown for the first
time that the gravitational waves are characterised by the longitudinal
oscillations of the quantised space-time. Knowledge of the nature of
gravitational radiation makes it possible to develop completely new devices for
excitation of gravitational waves.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">In the area of communications, one can
expect the development of completely new and unusual channels for sending and
receiving information which differ from the channels based on conventional
electromagnetic waves. This expands the range of investigations of matter,
including biological systems in medicine and agriculture. Naturally, Veinik’s
discovery is constantly utilised by astronomers and astrophysicists who have
been expecting for a long time the discovery of an effective method of
recording gravitational waves.</span></div>
<br /></div>
Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-8261272129566218802013-02-12T11:12:00.000-08:002013-02-12T11:17:45.423-08:00 Theory of Superunification. Chapter 10. Superstrong electromagnetic interaction and prospects for the development of quantum energetics in the 21st century <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Chapter</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; text-transform: uppercase;"> 10. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Superstrong
electromagnetic interaction and prospects for the development of quantum
energetics in the 21st century</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S.
Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Theory of Superunification.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Cambridge
International Science Publishing, 2010, 651-710 pages.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">The new fundamental discoveries of the
space-time quantum (quanton) and the superstrong electromagnetic interaction
(SEI) have made it possible to establish in the Superunification theory that
the only source of energy in the universe is the SEI, and the known types of
energy (chemical, nuclear, etc) are only methods of extracting the energy of
the SEI. The new discoveries explain the unique experimental effects: the
Usherenko, Searl and other defects, associated with the generation of excess
energy in new energy cycles for the open quantum mechanics systems, where the
source of energy is the superstrong electromagnetic interaction. Theoretical
and experimental fundamentals now exist for the development of quantum reactors,
heat generators and quantum engines of a new generation which will form the
basis of the quantum energetics in the 21st century. The quantum reactors are
the source of thermal energy and in future they can replace nuclear reactors in
nuclear power stations, ensuring that nuclear power engineering will be
economically capable of competition and ecologically safe. The quantum engines
open prospects for the development of power units for a new generation of
ground-based and space transport.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.1. World
economy and scientific and technical revolutions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.2.
Scientific errors and new energy concepts</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.3.
Dependence of the efficiency of the cycle on the energy yield of fuel</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.4.
Quantum thermal energetics. Usherenko effect</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.5.
Quantum reactors </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.6.
Cavitation heating </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.7.
Quantum engines. The Searl effect </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.8.
Practical application of quantum engines</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.8.1. New
generation automobiles </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.8.2.
Spaceships and aircraft </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.8.3.
Quantum engines-generators </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.9.
Forecast of the development of quantum power engineering in 21st century</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.9.1.
Results of the tests of a quantum engine for generating thrust without the
ejection of reactive mass</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.9.2.
Simple instrument for studying the elastic properties of quantised space-time</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.9.3.
What will the launching of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN yield?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.9.4
Priority of Usherenko (1974) in the region of cold synthesis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.9.5.
Leonov's forecast for 100 years </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Conclusion
for volume 1</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Index</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,BoldItalic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,BoldItalic"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">10.9.4.
Leonov’s forecast for 100 years</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;">Now follows the statements by Vladimir Leonov
in the interview with the Russian newspaper ‘Power engineering and the industry
of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Russia</st1:country-region></st1:place>’,
2009, No. 7, April:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,BoldItalic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,BoldItalic"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">–
What is your forecast for the development of quantum power</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,BoldItalic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,BoldItalic"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">engineering
for the next, let us say, 100 years?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">– I
am not a prophet of the Nostradamus type, and if I make the forecast of the
development of science and technologies, then I am guided in this case by the
fundamentally new knowledge which the theory of Superunification provides. It
is natural that the transition to quantum power engineering will not occur
immediately and decades will be required before we introduce the new
technologies and the branches of management throughout the entire world. Let us
define two large directions: quantum reactors -[heat generators] and quantum engines.
Nuclear reactors also belong in the group of quantum reactors -[heat
generators].</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Quantum
engines are the fundamentally new devices, intended for carrying out mechanical
work due to the creation of thrust without the ejection of reactive mass. I would
like to mention that the level of the technologies at the beginning and the end
of the 20th century cannot be compared. To attempt to look 100 years into
future is possible relying only on the prospects for the development of quantum
power engineering: power engineering will be completely decentralized over
hundreds years. Many autonomous quantum energy sources with satisfy all needs
for the supply of heat and electrical energy. Evidently, the sphere of sale of
heat and electric power will disappear and will be replaced by business dealing
with the production of energy sources, their operation and repair and also with
the delivery of fuel, for example the sand prepared for cold synthesis reactors
utilising the Usherenko effect and also catalysis preparations for cavitation
reactors.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "TimesNewRoman\,Italic"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Quantum
engines will prevail in the field of transportation. Possibly, the classic
automobile on the wheels will disappear (analogous example with the locomotive)
and a gravitational ‘cushion’ will replace them. There will no longer be any
need for arterial roads which will benefit <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Russia</st1:country-region></st1:place> with its huge territory.
‘The flying saucer’ will become the main universal transport means. The Moon
will be colonised and inteplanetary flights will become regular.</span></div>
<br /></div>
Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-29768710328193374592011-07-27T01:38:00.000-07:002011-12-11T20:53:20.265-08:00Chapter 2. Electromagnetic nature and structure of cosmic vacuum<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, 68-166 pages.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">New fundamental discoveries of the space-time quantum (quanton) and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI) determine the electromagnetic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">structure of quantised space-time.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">The quanton is a complicated weightless particle which includes four</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">charges – quarks: two electrical (+1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">e </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">and –1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">e</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">) and two magnetic (+1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">g </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">– 1</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">g</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">) linked by the relationship </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">g </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">= </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">C</span></i><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">0</span></sub><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman,Italic", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">e</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Read more</div><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B1gwB1O4JZNwMWRhYmE1ZWUtZjI3Mi00NjY1LTkwYTktMWIwOWEwYzVjNjFk&hl=ru">TEXT PDF Chapter 2. Electromagnetic nature and structure of cosmic vacuum</a></div>Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-74552204412463434072011-07-27T01:33:00.000-07:002011-12-11T20:53:41.317-08:00Chapter 1. Fundamental discoveries of the quantum of space-time (quanton) and superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, 1-67 pages.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Fundamental science has accumulated a sufficiently large amount of</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">knowledge to support the very fact of the discovery of the space-time</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">quantum (quanton) and superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI). The</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">concept of Superunification was formulated by physicists. Many physicists</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">do not doubt that electromagnetism, gravitation, nuclear and electroweak</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">forces are the manifestation of the united origin. The concept of the unified</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">field was formulated by Einstein and he devoted 30 years to the development</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">of this concept in the path to unification of gravitation and electromagnetism.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">He succeeded within the framework of the general theory of relativity (GTR)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">to combine space and time into the single space-time substance. Already at</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">the end of his life, Einstein concluded that it is necessary to use discrete</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">approaches to the problem of space-time and unification of the interactions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "TimesNewRoman", "serif"; font-size: 14pt;">within the framework of quantum theory.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">Read more</div><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B1gwB1O4JZNwMzY5ZDlhNTQtYWI0Zi00NTc1LTkwOTItYWU0MTU1MjA1N2Nk&hl=ru">TEXT PDF Chapter 1. Fundamental discoveries of the quantum of space-time (quanton) and superstrong electromagnetic interaction (SEI)</a></div>Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-47365638299893088482011-07-21T07:04:00.000-07:002011-12-11T20:54:10.813-08:00‘Ginzburg’s list’ and ‘Leonov’s list’<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">From the book Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, 745 pages (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Preface of the Vladimir Leonov to volume 1)</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">In this brief preface to volume 1 it is not possible to clarify all problems of the theory of Superunification and show its possibilities. Therefore, I present here for comparison two lists of the key problems of contemporary physics: ‘Ginzburg’s list’ and ‘Leonov’s list’. The first list of 30 points presented by Nobel laureate Vitalius Ginzburg in a review paper “On some advances in physics and astronomy over the past three years’ published in the Russian journal Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (volume 172, No. 2, 2002, pp. 213-219) </span></div>Read more<br />
<a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B1gwB1O4JZNwZTgxMjFjMGQtOGMyYy00NDk2LWFiMzktZGEwOGNlOWE4MTI4&hl=ru">TEXT PDF ‘Ginzburg’s list’ and ‘Leonov’s list’</a></div>Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-54478589277586579422011-07-21T06:34:00.000-07:002011-11-06T23:24:45.875-08:00Preface<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Preface of the Vladimir Leonov to volume 1 </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, 745 pages</span></div><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B1gwB1O4JZNwNzVkMzMwMGUtNmNlMC00Nzk1LWE3NjgtMTUzNjFjOTIxYjY4&hl=ru">TEXT PDF Preface of the Vladimir Leonov to volume 1 </a></div>Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4601048078872743075.post-3990633696667532152011-07-20T04:39:00.000-07:002011-12-11T20:54:36.051-08:00Theory of Superunification. Contents<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Vladimir Leonov<br />
<br />
1. Leonov V. S. Quantum Energetics. Volume 1. Theory of Superunification. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2010, 745 pages.<br />
<br />
2. V.S. Leonov. Quantum Energetics : Theory of Superunification. <br />
Viva Books, India, 2011, 732 p.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Quantum energetics is based on new fundamental discoveries of quantum of space-time (quanton) and super-strong electromagnetic interaction (SEI) made by Vladimir Leonov in 1996. On the basis of new fundamental discoveries the theory of Superunification of fundamental interactions of electromagnetism, gravitation, nuclear and electro-weak forces is completed. It is important that new fundamental discoveries have the widest practical application in the development of quantum energetics. It is discovered that the single source of energy in the Universe is the quanton in the structure of quantized space-time, which is the carrier of super-strong interaction (SEI). All known methods of energy generation (chemical and nuclear reactions etc.) are redued to the release and transformation of SEI energy. Quantum energetics is a more general concept in energetics, which includes both the new energetic cycles, and traditional ones, including nuclear energetics.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Theory of Superunification: Fundamental discovery of the quantum of space-time (quanton) and super-strong electromagnetic interaction (SEI). Electromagnetic nature and structure of cosmic vacuum. Integration of electromagnetism and gravitation. Antigravitation. Quantized structure of electron and positron. Neutrino. Quantized structure of Nature of nuclear forces. Double-curl structure of the photon. Photon gyroscopic effect. Nature of non-radiation and radiation of orbital electron. Thermal photons. Molecule recoil in photon radiation. Gravitation waves. Wave equations. Physics of open quantum-mechanical systems.</span><br />
Read more<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B1gwB1O4JZNwM2VjOGQ1ZTctYjlhYi00Mzk5LTllMWYtOTU2ZGU0MzM4M2Ri&hl=ru">TEXT PDF Theory of Superunification. Contents </a> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B1gwB1O4JZNwYmM0YjUwODctYjUzMi00ZDU5LWE2YjAtMzdjNjRiMzYyY2Q4&hl=ru"><br />
</a></span></div></div>Leonovhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03427189015718990157noreply@blogger.com0